Coyote America: A Natural and Supernatural History

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Coyotes are primarily carnivores, but will feed on fruits, berries, and seeds, if the opportunity arises. They are generalists, which means that they can and will consume many different types of prey. Some commonly observed kills include rabbits, bison, rodents, deer, sheep, frogs, snakes, insects, lizards, fish, and crustaceans. Immigration and the Law: A Chronology, archived from the original on November 24, 2010 , retrieved May 7, 2010 Enganchadores", Spanish for "hookers" (from the verb "to hook"), were Mexican individuals hired by U.S employers as labour recruiters. Enganchadores would persuade Mexican peasants to travel on the railway in acceptance of American jobs. The enganche system was not a novelty in Mexico. It had been established to recruit southern peasants for work in northern industries within the country. Companies in the United States effectively used the system to satisfy their labour needs. It can be argued that enganchadores are an ancestor of the modern-day coyote. [1] Like today's coyotes, they acted as middlemen between migrants and the United States.

Coyote America : A Natural and Supernatural History

Though they are closely related to wolves, these canines have much less stringent social structure and reliance. This species targets smaller prey, which requires less teamwork and cooperation than larger prey. Claude Lévi-Strauss, French anthropologist proposed a structuralist theory that suggests that Coyote and Crow obtained mythic status because they are mediator animals between life and death. [35] Language revitalization and preservation [ edit ] The small wolf or burrowing dog of the prairies are the inhabitants almost invariably of the open plains; they usually associate in bands of ten or twelve sometimes more and burrow near some pass or place much frequented by game; not being able alone to take deer or goat they are rarely ever found alone but hunt in bands; they frequently watch and seize their prey near their burrows; in these burrows, they raise their young and to them they also resort when pursued; when a person approaches them they frequently bark, their note being precisely that of the small dog. They are of an intermediate size between that of the fox and dog, very active fleet and delicately formed; the ears large erect and pointed the head long and pointed more like that of the fox; tale long ... the hair and fur also resembles the fox, tho' is much coarser and inferior. They are of a pale reddish-brown colour. The eye of a deep sea green colour small and piercing. Their [claws] are rather longer than those of the ordinary wolf or that common to the Atlantic states, none of which are to be found in this quarter, nor I believe above the river Plat. [18]

Habitat of the Coyote

In a zoological setting, these canines require care that is similar to domestic dogs and wolves. They should have plenty of space to roam, and lots of opportunity to socialize. a b Sapir, Edward & Dixon, Roland B (1910). Yana Texts together with Yana Myths. University of California. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) Increased restrictions on migrants, including ones from Mexico into the U.S. were primarily starting to be put into place in the 1920s, although there was not a national quota restricting Western Hemisphere immigrants until 1965. Increasing restrictions caused the demand for cheap migrant labour to exceed the legal ability for foreign workers to enter and work in the country. The conflict between the Nativist demand for restrictions and the many business owners who wanted less expensive labour, lead to a demand for unauthorized persons to be brought into the country. This led to an economic draw for desperate people to illegally enter as well as reasons for employers in the U.S. to use and support illegal methods to get more migrants into the country illegally to have more workers than the quota allows for. Therefore, both groups required the help of guides to get migrants into America, requiring the help of the coyotes and similar groups. [7] Guns flood Jamaica from U.S., officials say", The San Francisco Chronicle, March 31, 2008 , retrieved May 7, 2010

Coyote (person) - Wikipedia Coyote (person) - Wikipedia

Pest Control – Though humans view these canines as pests, they are actually quite effective at dispatching pests in urban areas. Some of their favorite foods in urban areas are rats and mice. They are also known to eat snakes, insects, squirrels, and other small mammals. Hoffmeister, Donald F. (2002). Mammals of Illinois. University of Illinois Press. pp.33–34. ISBN 978-0-252-07083-9. In the group of people that work as coyotes there are two important subgroups that have been categorized, the interior and exterior coyotes. Both groups work to get migrants illegally into the United States, however, they do it in different ways and will take different types of people. Which group a migrant uses (if they do choose to use a coyote and don't go alone or with their own group), depends on many factors such as if they are familiar with what they need to do to get into the U.S. along with what connections they have to both people in the U.S. and with prospective coyotes. These two broad groups are called Interior and Exterior Coyotes.The expansion comes largely as a result of evading hunters and thereby being pushed into new areas. But the tide is turning once again as wolves are now being reintroduced into areas like Yellowstone Park …restoring the balance. Coyotes are monogamous, they find a partner and mate for life. They only take a new partner after the previous partner has died. As such coyotes remain in long-lasting or long-term relationships. 3. Coyotes raise their pups as a unit He also appears in a legend of the White Mountain Apache, "Coyote fights a lump of pitch" (a variant of the Tar-Baby theme), and in similar legends of the Zapotec and Popoluca of Mexico. [ citation needed] As a singular animal emerging from earlier evolutionary canid ancestors, the coyote is a relative youth. Coyotes share evolutionary youthfulness with us. We are also young, our genus, Homo, emerging between 2.8 and 3 million years ago and our species coming out of its own “hominin soup” in Africa fewer than 200,000 years ago. The Canidae family appeared at about the same time, 5 to 6 million years ago, but halfway around the world, in North America, with some of its species beginning to spread out across the globe soon after. The ancestors of the gray wolf ( Canis lupus), as we will see, became cosmopolitan and eventually colonized almost the entire planet, continuing to evolve before returning, group after group, to their natal American homeland.

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Many believe these snow coyotes are a result of cross-breeding between a coyote with a golden retriever. 9. How to pronounce coyote This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( October 2020) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) The histories of coyotes and humans have many parallels, but one difference is that across our own evolutionary history, we humans have created thousands of philosophies of meaning we call religions, while coyotes, so far as we can tell, embrace no religious tradition beyond being alive, sacred existence. Religions that feature animals as deities are probably the oldest forms of our own religious explanations; they are a type of religion called “animism,” fashioned by humans living their lives as hunters or hunter-gatherers. What we might call “Coyotism” is, in other words, a Paleolithic religion. The famed psychologist Carl Jung is only one among hundreds of individuals, from scientists to poets, who have found the Coyote deity enduringly fascinating in part because of how fundamental he is in human thought. In Jung’s view, Coyote is “a faithful copy of an absolutely undifferentiated human consciousness . . . a forerunner of the savior, and like him, God, man, and animal at once. He is both subhuman and superhuman, a bestial and divine being.” Pups are born 63 days after mating, and the average litter consists of 6 pups. The pups will begin testing out meat when they are 4 – 6 weeks old, and will be fully weaned in another 2 months. The pups will remain with the family for varying amounts of time. Beliefs, Superstitions, and Phobias About the Coyote

Myths and stories of Coyote are also found in the cultures of the Plateau area: the Chinookan (including the Wishram people and the Multnomah), [24] the Flathead, [25] the Nez Perce, [26] the Nlaka'pamux, the Syilx (Okanagan), the St'at'imc, the Tsilhqot'in, and the Yakama. [27] The popularity of the Bracero Program resulted in a greater Mexican demand for guest-worker contracts than there were contracts to give. Consequently, thousands of Mexican laborers unable to participate in the program sought the help of coyotes to enter the United States. "Clandestine-crossing" coyote saw a rise during this period. Coyote fur is still sought by trappers throughout its range, with harvest levels depending upon fur prices, local and state regulations, and traditional uses and practices. Many states and provinces consider Coyotes a furbearing species with varying regulations on method of take, bag limit, and seasons. Some furs are also sold internationally (e.g. to Russia and China). Conservation Actions Information Bois, Constance Goddard Du (July 1901). "The Mythology of the Dieguenos". The Journal of American Folklore. 14 (54): 181–185. doi: 10.2307/533630. ISSN 0021-8715. JSTOR 533630. Coyote densities in different geographic areas and seasons vary from 0.01–0.09 coyotes/km² in the winter in the Yukon (O'Donoghue et al. 1997) to 0.9/km² in the fall and 2.3/km² during the summer (post-whelping) in Texas (Knowlton 1972; Andelt 1985). Density in different geographic areas and seasons are listed in Gese and Bekoff (2004). Habitat and Ecology Information

Coyote America: A Natural and Supernatural History. By Dan

Coyotes can actually be found living in cities or urban areas. They often even invade urban parks and forest preserves and seek to own the territory. They use urine to mark their territory just like dogs do. The coyote is predicted to appear in northern Belize in the near future, as the habitat there is favorable to the species. [167] Concerns have been raised of a possible expansion into South America through the Panamanian Isthmus, should the Darién Gap ever be closed by the Pan-American Highway. [168] This fear was partially confirmed in January 2013, when the species was recorded in eastern Panama's Chepo District, beyond the Panama Canal. [66] Coyotes have very few animals by way of predators, so the coyote population in most places is thriving.The name coyote directly comes from an indigenous word that means barking dog”. For anyone who has heard the howl of a coyote at night, it sounds similar to a dog. But coyotes have around 11 or 12 amazing different vocalizations. Crawford, S. 2007. Ethnolichenology of Bryoria fremontii: Wisdom of elders, population ecology, and nutritional chemistry. M.Sc. thesis, Interdisciplinary Studies: University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Lévi-Strauss, Claude. Structural Anthropology. Trans. Claire Jacobson. New York: Basic Books, 1963. (p. 224)