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Columbus Zoo announces the death of Colo, world's oldest zoo gorilla". Columbus Zoo. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021 . Retrieved 12 February 2018. McNeilage, A. (2001). Diet and habitat use of two mountain gorilla groups in contrasting habitats in the Virungas. pp.265–292. a b Watts, D. P. (1991). "Mountain gorilla reproduction and sexual behavior". American Journal of Primatology. 24 (3–4): 211–225. doi: 10.1002/ajp.1350240307. PMID 31952383. S2CID 85023681. Quammen, D.; Reel, M. (4 April 2013). "Book review: Planet of the ape - 'Between man and beast". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 April 2013 . Retrieved 6 April 2013.

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Fin whale, mountain gorilla recovering thanks to conservation action – IUCN Red List". International Union for the Conservation of Nature. 14 November 2018 . Retrieved 12 June 2020.Thompson, N. E.; Ostrofsky, K. R.; McFarlin, S. C.; Robbins, M. M.; Stoinski, T. S.; Almécija, S. (2018). "Unexpected terrestrial hand posture diversity in wild mountain gorillas". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 166 (1): 84–94. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23404. PMID 29344933. a b c Stokes, E. J.; Parnell, R. J.; Olejniczak, C. (2003). "Female dispersal and reproductive success in wild western lowland gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla)". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 54 (4): 329–339. doi: 10.1007/s00265-003-0630-3. JSTOR 25063274. S2CID 21995743. All species (and subspecies) of gorilla are listed as endangered or critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. [98] [99] All gorillas are listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), meaning that international export/import of the species, including in parts and derivatives, is regulated. [100] Around 316,000 western lowland gorillas are thought to exist in the wild, [101] 4,000 in zoos, thanks to conservation; eastern lowland gorillas have a population of under 5,000 in the wild and 24 in zoos. Mountain gorillas are the most severely endangered, with an estimated population of about 880 left in the wild and none in zoos. [13] [98] Threats to gorilla survival include habitat destruction and poaching for the bushmeat trade. Gorillas are closely related to humans, and are susceptible to diseases that humans also get infected by. In 2004, a population of several hundred gorillas in the Odzala National Park, Republic of Congo was essentially wiped out by the Ebola virus. [102] A 2006 study published in Science concluded more than 5,000 gorillas may have died in recent outbreaks of the Ebola virus in central Africa. The researchers indicated in conjunction with commercial hunting of these apes, the virus creates "a recipe for rapid ecological extinction". [103] In captivity, its also been observed that gorillas can also be infected with COVID-19. [104] Gorillas have a gestation period of nine months like humans, but babies usually weigh less than humans at approximately 4 pounds, their development is however roughly twice as fast. Females will start giving birth at about 10 years old and will have offspring every 3-4 years. When in oestrus she will be able to conceive for only three days in the month.

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Scally, A.; Dutheil, J. Y.; Hillier, L. W.; etal. (2012). "Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence". Nature. 483 (7388): 169–175. Bibcode: 2012Natur.483..169S. doi: 10.1038/nature10842. hdl: 10261/80788. PMC 3303130. PMID 22398555.Gorillas have a patchy distribution. The range of the two species is separated by the Congo River and its tributaries. The western gorilla lives in west central Africa, while the eastern gorilla lives in east central Africa. Between the species, and even within the species, gorillas live in a variety of habitats and elevations. Gorilla habitat ranges from montane forest to swampland. Eastern gorillas inhabit montane and submontane forests between 650 and 4,000m (2,130 and 13,120ft) above sea level. [38] Czekala, N.; Robbins, M. M. (2001). Assessment of reproduction and stress through hormone analysis in gorillas. pp.317–339. Wells, D. L. (2005). "A note on the influence of visitors on the behaviour and welfare of zoo-housed gorillas". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 93 (1–2): 13–17. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2005.06.019.

Vivid adds gorilla duo to Animagic rangeToy World Magazine Vivid adds gorilla duo to Animagic rangeToy World Magazine

Gorillas are herbivorous, predominantly ground-dwelling great apes that inhabit the tropical forests of equatorial Africa. The genus Gorilla is divided into two species: the eastern gorilla and the western gorilla, and either four or five subspecies. The DNA of gorillas is highly similar to that of humans, from 95 to 99% depending on what is included, and they are the next closest living relatives to humans after chimpanzees and bonobos. Eastern lowland gorillas have more diverse diets, which vary seasonally. Leaves and pith are commonly eaten, but fruits can make up as much as 25% of their diets. Since fruit is less available, lowland gorillas must travel farther each day, and their home ranges vary from 2.7 to 6.5km 2 (1.0 to 2.5sqmi), with day ranges 154–2,280m (0.096–1.417mi). Eastern lowland gorillas will also eat insects, preferably ants. [41] Western lowland gorillas depend on fruits more than the others and they are more dispersed across their range. [42] They travel even farther than the other gorilla subspecies, at 1,105m (0.687mi) per day on average, and have larger home ranges of 7–14km 2 (2.7–5.4sqmi). [42] Western lowland gorillas have less access to terrestrial herbs, although they can access aquatic herbs in some areas. Termites and ants are also eaten. Müller, C. (1855–1861). Geographi graeci minores. pp.1.1–14: text and trans. Ed. J. Blomqvist (1979).

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Robbins, M. M.; Sicotte, P.; Stewart, K. J. (2001). Mountain gorillas: three decades of research at Karisoke. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521019869.

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Gorilla family groups each live within relatively small areas of land. Different groups can however occupy converging areas and co-exist peacefully. a b Watts, D. P. (2003). "Gorilla social relationships: a comparative review". In Taylor, A. B.; Goldsmith, M. L. (eds.). Gorilla biology: a multidisciplinary perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.302–327. The gorilla became the next-to-last great ape genus to have its genome sequenced. The first gorilla genome was generated with short read and Sanger sequencing using DNA from a female western lowland gorilla named Kamilah. This gave scientists further insight into the evolution and origin of humans. Despite the chimpanzees being the closest extant relatives of humans, 15% of the human genome was found to be more like that of the gorilla. [88] In addition, 30% of the gorilla genome "is closer to human or chimpanzee than the latter are to each other; this is rarer around coding genes, indicating pervasive selection throughout great ape evolution, and has functional consequences in gene expression." [89] Analysis of the gorilla genome has cast doubt on the idea that the rapid evolution of hearing genes gave rise to language in humans, as it also occurred in gorillas. [90] Captivity Gorilla at zooa b c d Groves, C. (2002). "A history of gorilla taxonomy" (PDF). In Taylor, A. B.; Goldsmith, M. L. (eds.). Gorilla biology: A multidisciplinary perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp.15–34. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Fagot, J.; Vauclair, J. (1988). "Handedness and bimanual coordination in the lowland gorilla". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 32 (2): 89–95. doi: 10.1159/000116536. PMID 3179697. Sanz, C. M.; etal. (2022). "Interspecific interactions between sympatric apes". iScience. 25 (10): 105059. Bibcode: 2022iSci...25j5059S. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105059. PMC 9485909. PMID 36147956. a b Tutin, C. G. (1996). "Ranging and social structure of lowland gorillas in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon". In McGrew, W. C.; Marchant, L. F.; Nishida, T. (eds.). Great Ape Societies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.58–70.