One Step Protein Test Strips Urine Testing Kits (100 Tests)

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Source: Lillian Mundt, “Graff’s Textbook of Urinalysis and Body Fluids 3rd Edition (2016, Wolters Kluwer) pH: Measures the acidity in your urine which may be a symptom of kidney stones. The pH may change during the day going from more acidic in the morning to more alkaline in the evening.

Please note that contaminants on the non-sterile containers may interact with the chemicals on the test pads and produce erroneous results, so it is recommended to use sterile containers for specimen collection. If your tests report an alkaline urine, it is typically due to a diet rich in greens/vegetables, due to UTI-causing bacteria (which thrive in an alkaline environment), or ingestion of bicarbonates or alkaline foods. Other causes of alkaline urine could be metabolic alkalosis or respiratory alkalosis. If you pee directly on the urine strip, all ten parameters may not get equally wet. Cross-bleeding will result in inaccurate results.In addition to removing wastes, your kidneys also balance water, salt, and electrolytes in your blood. Such functions can help create red blood cells and balance your blood pressure.

Self-monitoring with urine test strips under the guidance of a health professional is an effective method for monitoring the disease state. This applies particularly to diabetics, where the idea of self-monitoring of the metabolic status (determinations of glucose and ketones) is self-evident. Trace amounts of protein in your urine aren’t usually a cause for concern. Protein can enter your urine for several reasons, and not all are a sign of a serious health problem. William Cumberland Cruikshank (1745–1800) described for the first time the property of coagulation on heating, exhibited by many urines.There are strips which serve different purposes, such as qualitative strips that only determine if the sample is positive or negative, or there are semi-quantitative ones that in addition to providing a positive or negative reaction also provide an estimation of a quantitative result, in the latter the colour reactions are approximately proportional to the concentration of the substance being tested for in the sample. [2] The reading of the results is carried out by comparing the pad colours with a colour scale provided by the manufacturer, no additional equipment is needed. [3] Ketone: Increased ketone level is a sign of insufficient insulin and is helpful in monitoring type 1 diabetes. It is also measured to monitor the ketosis metabolic state during the keto diet. Detergents, antiseptics, and quaternary ammonium compounds used to clean the urine container can also result in false positives. Therefore, collecting urine samples in clean, sterile containers is highly recommended. Certain medications and substances, such as phenazopyridine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and chlorhexidine gluconate (commonly found is skin cleansers), may also cause false positives. Additionally, the presence of blood or high levels of bilirubin may interfere with the accuracy of the test. https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/albuminuria#:~:text=A%20normal%20amount%20of%20albumin,National%20Kidney%20Foundation

Urine tests can sometimes give false results, meaning they show a problem when there isn't actually one (false positive) and similarly do not correctly determine a problem when there is one (false negative). This can happen for different reasons as explained below. False Positives on a Urine Protein Test A swollen abdomen is sometimes known as a distended abdomen or swollen belly. A swollen abdomen is often uncomfortable or even painful, but it’s a… READ MORE During routine screening, if a positive test for leukocytes, blood, protein, nitrite, and a pH greater than 7 is identified, the urine sediment may be microscopically analysed to further pinpoint a diagnosis. Refer to this blog for detailed information about urinalysis parameters and how each provides diagnostic information for kidney diseases. a b c d e f Strasinger, Susan K.; Di Lorenzo Schaub, Marjorie (2008). "5". Análisis de orina y de los líquidos corporales (in Spanish) (5ªed.). Editorial panamericana. pp.53–76. ISBN 978-950-06-1938-7 . Retrieved March 13, 2012.Leukocytes and Nitrite are considered key parameters to aid in the diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and bladder infections. A positive leukocyte or the presence of nitrite in the urine supports the diagnosis of UTI. A color darker than cream is considered a positive result for both leukocytes and nitrites. The reaction is specific for glucose, as occurs in all enzymatic reactions, but it can provide some false positive results due to the presence of traces of strong oxidising agents or peroxide from disinfectants used on laboratory instruments. [6] Ketone test [ edit ]

Urine tests can help measure kidney function based on the presence of a protein called “albumin.” Usually, healthy kidneys filter albumin in the bloodstream. If there’s albumin in your urine, this means that your kidneys may not be functioning as they should. With the aid of routine examinations early symptoms of the following four groups can be identified: Wiggins RC, Alpers CE, Holman LB, et al. Glomerular disease: looking beyond pathology. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;9(6):1138–40. doi:10.2215/CJN.01450214 The control of urinary ketone is particularly useful in managing and monitoring diabetes mellitus type 1. Ketonuria indicates an insulin deficiency that indicates the need to regulate its dosage. An increase in the blood concentration of ketone produces a water-electrolyte imbalance, dehydration and if not corrected, acidosis and in the end diabetic coma. Brigden ML, Edgell D, McPherson M, Leadbeater A, Hoag G (March 1992). "High incidence of significant urinary ascorbic acid concentrations in a west coast population—implications for routine urinalysis". Clin. Chem. 38 (3): 426–31. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/38.3.426. PMID 1547565.

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Boots is the UK’s leading health and beauty retailer. Its mission is to be the first choice for pharmacy, health and beauty – caring for people, customers and communities everywhere. Carl Friedrich Gärtner (1772–1850) expressed a wish for an easy way of testing urine for disease at the patient's bedside. [24]