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See also: Great ape language A female gorilla exhibiting tool use by using a tree trunk as a support whilst fishing herbs

Gorilla - Wikipedia Gorilla - Wikipedia

Kelland, K. (7 March 2012). "Gorilla genome sheds new light on human evolution". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012 . Retrieved 8 March 2012. Csomos, Rebecca Ann (2008). " Gorilla gorilla". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014 . Retrieved 24 August 2023. Tuttle, R. H. (1986). Apes of the world: their social behavior, communication, mentality and ecology. William Andrew. ISBN 978-0815511045.Gorillas have a patchy distribution. The range of the two species is separated by the Congo River and its tributaries. The western gorilla lives in west central Africa, while the eastern gorilla lives in east central Africa. Between the species, and even within the species, gorillas live in a variety of habitats and elevations. Gorilla habitat ranges from montane forest to swampland. Eastern gorillas inhabit montane and submontane forests between 650 and 4,000m (2,130 and 13,120ft) above sea level. [38] Tutin, C. E. G.; Fernandez, M. (1992). "Insect-eating by sympatric lowland gorillas ( Gorilla g. gorilla) and chimpanzees ( Pan t. troglodytes) in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon". American Journal of Primatology. 28 (1): 29–40. doi: 10.1002/ajp.1350280103. PMID 31941221. S2CID 85569302. A gorilla's day is divided between rest periods and travel or feeding periods. Diets differ between and within species. Mountain gorillas mostly eat foliage, such as leaves, stems, pith, and shoots, while fruit makes up a very small part of their diets. [40] Mountain gorilla food is widely distributed and neither individuals nor groups have to compete with one another. Their home ranges vary from 3 to 15km 2 (1.2 to 5.8sqmi), and their movements range around 500m (0.31mi) or less on an average day. [40] Despite eating a few species in each habitat, mountain gorillas have flexible diets and can live in a variety of habitats. [40] Gorilla foraging

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Miller-Schroeder, P. (1997). Gorillas. Weigl Educational Publishers Limited. p.20. ISBN 978-0919879898. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014 . Retrieved 4 July 2011. Robbins, L.; Margulis, S. (2014). "The effects of auditory enrichment on gorillas". Zoo Biology. 33 (3): 197–203. doi: 10.1002/zoo.21127. PMID 24715297.Stanford, C. B.; Nkurunungi, J. B. (2003). "Behavioral ecology of sympatric chimpanzees and gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda: diet". International Journal of Primatology. 24 (4): 901–918. doi: 10.1023/A:1024689008159. S2CID 22587913. Müller, C. (1855–1861). Geographi graeci minores. pp.1.1–14: text and trans. Ed. J. Blomqvist (1979). a b Mittermeier, R. A.; Rylands, A. B.; Wilson, D. E., eds. (2013). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 3. Primates. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8496553897.

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There are thought to be around 316,000 western gorillas in the wild, and 5,000 eastern gorillas. Both species are classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN; all subspecies are classified as Critically Endangered with the exception of the mountain gorilla, which is classified as Endangered. There are many threats to their survival, such as poaching, habitat destruction, and disease, which threaten the survival of the species. However, conservation efforts have been successful in some areas where they live. After World War II, George Schaller was one of the first researchers to go into the field and study primates. In 1959, he conducted a systematic study of the mountain gorilla in the wild and published his work. Years later, at the behest of Louis Leakey and the National Geographic, Dian Fossey conducted a much longer and more comprehensive study of the mountain gorilla. When she published her work, many misconceptions and myths about gorillas were finally disproved, including the myth that gorillas are violent. A gorilla's lifespan is normally between 35 and 40 years, although zoo gorillas may live for 50 years or more. Colo, a female western gorilla at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, was the oldest known gorilla at 60 years of age when she died on 17 January 2017. [36] Another gorilla, Ozzie, was 61 years old at the time of his death in January 2022. [37] Distribution and habitat Young gorilla climbing Glazko, G. V.; Nei, Masatoshi (March 2003). "Estimation of divergence times for major lineages of primate species". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 20 (3): 424–434. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msg050. PMID 12644563.

Amazing Facts About the Gorilla

Robbins, M. M.; Sicotte, P.; Stewart, K. J. (2001). Mountain gorillas: three decades of research at Karisoke. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521019869. a b c d Groves, C. (2002). "A history of gorilla taxonomy" (PDF). In Taylor, A. B.; Goldsmith, M. L. (eds.). Gorilla biology: A multidisciplinary perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp.15–34. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Sanz, C. M.; etal. (2022). "Interspecific interactions between sympatric apes". iScience. 25 (10): 105059. Bibcode: 2022iSci...25j5059S. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105059. PMC 9485909. PMID 36147956. Quammen, D.; Reel, M. (4 April 2013). "Book review: Planet of the ape - 'Between man and beast". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 April 2013 . Retrieved 6 April 2013. McNeilage, A. (2001). Diet and habitat use of two mountain gorilla groups in contrasting habitats in the Virungas. pp.265–292.

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McManus, K. F.; Kelley, J. L.; Song, S.; etal. (2015). "Inference of gorilla demographic and selective history from whole-genome sequence data". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 32 (3): 600–612. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu394. PMC 4327160. PMID 25534031.

Recruitment

The gorilla became the next-to-last great ape genus to have its genome sequenced. The first gorilla genome was generated with short read and Sanger sequencing using DNA from a female western lowland gorilla named Kamilah. This gave scientists further insight into the evolution and origin of humans. Despite the chimpanzees being the closest extant relatives of humans, 15% of the human genome was found to be more like that of the gorilla. [88] In addition, 30% of the gorilla genome "is closer to human or chimpanzee than the latter are to each other; this is rarer around coding genes, indicating pervasive selection throughout great ape evolution, and has functional consequences in gene expression." [89] Analysis of the gorilla genome has cast doubt on the idea that the rapid evolution of hearing genes gave rise to language in humans, as it also occurred in gorillas. [90] Captivity Gorilla at zoo A duo of interactive plush gorillas will be added to Vivid’s 12-year strong brand Animagic this autumn/winter, and is already scooping up retailer awards in France. Until recently, gorillas were considered to be a single species, with three subspecies: the western lowland gorilla, the eastern lowland gorilla and the mountain gorilla. [5] [11] There is now agreement that there are two species, each with two subspecies. [12] More recently, a third subspecies has been claimed to exist in one of the species. The separate species and subspecies developed from a single type of gorilla during the Ice Age, when their forest habitats shrank and became isolated from each other. [13] Primatologists continue to explore the relationships between various gorilla populations. [5] The species and subspecies listed here are the ones upon which most scientists agree. [14] [12] Genus Gorilla – Geoffroy, 1852 – two species Harcourt, A. H.; Stewart, K. J.; Hauser, M. (1993). "Functions of wild gorilla 'close' calls. I. Repertoire, context, and interspecific comparison". Behaviour. 124 (1–2): 89. doi: 10.1163/156853993X00524.