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It corresponds to the relevant shear area A v multiplied by the steel yield stress in pure shear f y / √3 corresponding to the yield criterion in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.1(5): Due to symmetry the centroid of the cross-section (center of mass) as well as the shear center are located at the center. The geometric quantities include the total area of the cross section A and the second moments of the area I, which is constant for any axis of bending due to symmetry. For typical Circular Hollow Sections (CHS) the geometric properties of the cross-section are defined in the following standards:
The plastic section modulus W pl is calculated by adding the contribution of the external boundary and then subtracting the contribution of the internal void. Keyboard Control: You can use the calculator without a mouse by tabbing among the calculator keys. Press "Enter" when a key is focused. This method can be arduous however, since you must tab through all keys in sequence. The shear stress due to St. Venant torsion is derived from the theory of elasticity as specified above. This basic online calculator is similar to a small handheld calculator and has the standard four functions for addition, subtraction, division and multiplication. Like most 4-function calculators it also includes keys for percent, square, square root and pi. This basic calculator has decimal precision up to 10 digits and offers these functions: For circular cross-sections and tubular cross sections the maximum shear stress due to St. Venant torsion τ is related to the maximum torque T by the following relation:The classification of the circular hollow sections (tubular sections) is specified in EN1993-1-1 Table 5.2. Nowadays Bulb flats are the most used structure profiles for the Shipbuilding construction to reinforce steel plate. Bulb flats can be applied in almost all shipbuilding vessels, such as offshore, cruising, yacht, ferries, barges, fishing, repairing and etcetera. Eng. Holland, who created the design of the bulb flats, originating the name Holland Profile (HP), realized a very strategic and useful profiles which are the most needed and approved by many shipbuilding engineers from worldwide. They feature a unique shape – flat, with a short, tapered flange on one side – which provides for more accessible cleaning, welding, and there are no hidden recesses which you might encounter when reinforcing plate with other structure profiles. For the case of circular hollow sections that cannot be classified as Class 3 their strength and stability verifications should be based on EN 1993-1-6: Strength and Stability of Shell Structures. Due to symmetry when the full plastic bending stress profile is reached with zero axial force the section is divided into two parts separated by the axis of symmetry. Multiplication and Division will convert the displayed value to a percent in decimal form and complete the operation when you press [=]
The design plastic resistance of the cross-section in uniform tension is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.3(2). Baglietto SRL have started providing bulb flats since 70s, remarking the significant request, initially from the ship-repairing field, so then specializing more and more in the shipbuilding sector also.The design resistance of the cross-section for axial force, shear force, and bending moment are calculated in accordance with EN1993-1-1 §6.2.
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