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There are 54 sovereign states (countries) in Africa. An estimated 1.34 billion people live on the second-largest continent (in 2020).
Some maps show relief, or changes in elevation. A common way to show relief is contour lines, also called topographic lines. These are lines that connect points that have equal elevation. If a map shows a large enough area, contour lines form circles. Scientists and historians don’t know when the principles behind magnetic compasses were discovered. Ancient Greeks understood magnetism. As early as 2,000 years ago, Chinese scientists may have known that rubbing an iron bar (such as a needle) with a naturally occurring magnet, called a lodestone, would temporarily magnetize the needle so that it would point north and south.Lines of latitude and longitude are mathematically plotted on a flat surface. Features are drawn in their appropriate location. Points between the cardinal directions form the points of the compass. Arbitrary horizontal directions may be indicated by their azimuth angle value. The size of the area covered helps determine the scale of a map. A map that shows an area in great detail, such as a street map of a neighborhood, is called a large-scale map because objects on the map are relatively large. A map of a larger area, such as a continent or the world, is called a small-scale map because objects on the map are relatively small. A map’s index helps viewers find a specific spot on the map using the grid. A map’s legend explains what the symbols on a map mean.
Atop the stony plateau of Britain’s highest mountain, amid terrible weather, unable to see more than a metre or two ahead, my team and I wereable to navigate ourway off the mountain safely and avoid wandering down one of its infamous and deadly gullies. The Great Plains: Beyond the Appalachian Mountains lies the vast expanse of the Interior Lowlands, also known as the Great Plains. This region covers much of the central United States and extends into Canada. The Great Plains, characterized by prairies and grasslands, are a hub for agriculture due to their fertile soil. A map compass is used to determine what direction you're facing, or travelling in. The compass needle aligns itself to the top of the Earth's magnetic field. If the needle points towards the 'N' on a compass dial, then you are facing north and you can use it to help you find directions. The directional names are routinely associated with azimuths, the angle of rotation (in degrees) in the unit circle over the horizontal plane. It is a necessary step for navigational calculations (derived from trigonometry) and for use with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The four cardinal directions correspond to the following degrees of a compass:Center: Yellow; Earth Huangshan: "Yellow Mountain" in central China Huang He: "Yellow River" in central China Golden Horde: "Central Army" of the Mongols Arabic world [ edit ]
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