Early Modern Britain, 1450–1750: 3 (Cambridge History of Britain, Series Number 3)

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Holderness, B. A. (1976). Pre-industrial England: Economy and Society, 1500-1750. London: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0874719100. Cannon made castles obsolete and the use of gunpowder made possible rapid expansion of an empire. It was said Constantinople was impregnable, but this was no longer true after the rise of the cannon. Image Courtesy of University of South Florida Trade and Tax Diplomacy October – 'Captain' James MacLaine (or Maclean), gentleman highwayman (born 1724) ( hanged at Tyburn) Hegyi I, Hidvegi T, Jermendy G, Nadas J, Vasas I. Assessment of cardiometabolic risk among shift workers in Hungary. Health Qual Life Outcome. 2012;10:18.

Many of the empires in this study guide toppled existing empires that had weakened over time. Sometimes these were established empires such as the Byzantines, toppled by the Ottomans, or Mali, which was subjugated by Songhai. Other times these were the descendants of nomadic conquerors, such as the Timurid Empire in Persia, conquered by the Safavids, or the Yuan Dynasty in China, overthrown by the future leaders of the Ming Dynasty. We can compare each country’s total contribution to global emissions by looking at cumulative CO 2. We can calculate cumulative emissions by adding up each country’s annual CO 2 emissions over time. We did this calculation for each country and region over the period from 1751 through to 2017. 2 The expansion of land-based empires often has significant consequences for the peoples and cultures of the territories that are conquered or colonized. The arrival of a new power may bring significant changes to the social, political, and economic systems of these territories, as well as to their cultural practices and traditions. The expansion of an empire can also lead to conflict and resistance from those who are opposed to the empire's rule. The First Transfer at the Louvre in 1750: Andrea del Sarto's La Charite", by Gilberte Emile-Male, in Issues in the Conservation of Paintings (Getty Publications, 2004) p278 In January 1703, shortly after graduating from St. Michael's and being turned down for the post of organist at Sangerhausen, [24] Bach was appointed court musician in the chapel of Duke Johann ErnstIII in Weimar. [25] His role there is unclear, but it probably included menial, non-musical duties. During his seven-month tenure at Weimar, his reputation as a keyboardist spread so much that he was invited to inspect the new organ and give the inaugural recital at the New Church (now Bach Church) in Arnstadt, located about 30 kilometres (19mi) southwest of Weimar. [26] On 14 August 1703, he became the organist at the New Church, [11] with light duties, a relatively generous salary, and a new organ tuned in a temperament that allowed music written in a wider range of keys to be played. [27]June – Iron Act, passed by Parliament, comes into effect, restricting manufacture of iron products in the American colonies. [2] The hundreds of sacred works Bach created are usually seen as manifesting not just his craft but also a truly devout relationship with God. [105] [106] He had taught Luther's Small Catechism as the Thomaskantor in Leipzig, and some of his pieces represent it. [107] The Lutheran chorale was the basis of much of his work. In elaborating these hymns into his chorale preludes, he wrote more cogent and tightly integrated works than most, even when they were massive and lengthy. [ citation needed] The large-scale structure of every major Bach sacred vocal work is evidence of subtle, elaborate planning to create a religiously and musically powerful expression. For example, the St Matthew Passion, like other works of its kind, illustrated the Passion with Bible text reflected in recitatives, arias, choruses, and chorales, but in crafting this work, Bach created an overall experience that has been found over the intervening centuries to be both musically thrilling and spiritually profound. [108] Mental arithmetic is the invaluable maths skill of doing calculations in your head, without the use of any tools, such as a calculator or pen and paper, or fingers! It can come in handy in countless everyday situations, from working out the best multi-buy deal in the supermarket, to calculating how long you will need to wait for the next train. R. B. Cunninghame Graham, A Vanished Arcadia, being Some Account of the Jesuits in Paraguay (Haskell House Publishers, 1901, 1968) pp237-238

Some people find it easier to think of the decimal point moving, rather than the digits moving. In the example above, the decimal point stays in the same place and all of the digits shift to the left. Ian S. Glass, Nicolas-Louis De La Caille, Astronomer and Geodesist (Oxford University Press, 2013) pp30-33When rounding to the nearest 10, numbers ending in “5” have been rounded to the nearest multiple of 20 to prevent systematic bias. Excel tables accompanying this publication The rarest tradable creature on the Creatures of Sonaria value list is Etheralotus, with a current value of over 500,000.