Les Parisiennes: How the Women of Paris Lived, Loved, and Died Under Nazi Occupation

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As long as one could tolerate the laying off of most Jews in the diverse businesses, accommodation was acceptable by the majority and the law of the land under the puppet Vichy government. The women with the most anti-fascist rebellion in their hearts, those with communist leanings, were undercut by the German-Russian pact of 1940. But when the Vichy government went out of their way to pass anti-semitic laws and turn a blind eye to factories being manned with the slave labor of political prisoners and POWs, more recruits to Resistance activity were made. Just seeing fashion queens like Coco Chanel, actresses like Corrine Lachaire, and diverse aristocrat courtesans hobnobbing in luxurious splendor with German officers at the Folies Bergere, the Comedie-Francaise, the opera, and fancy restaurants was enough to turn the heart of many of lesser means at a hungry time. Sleeping with the enemy was one step, but doing so with such special benefits was a big affront, though still not enough to sway many toward revolt. Besides, the eventual policy of the Nazis to kill 100 French for every German killed by the Resistance was quite a deterrent. A criticism is that the tales of the women are interspersed as you go along and this can be a bit confusing but I got used to it and didn't mind so much. There were some notable omissions such as Jacqueline Baker and Virginia Hall? I'm not quite sure why, perhaps it wasn't possible to include every woman.

Anne Sebba ( née Rubinstein; born 1951) is a British biographer, lecturer and journalist. She is the author of nine non-fiction books for adults, two biographies for children, and several introductions to reprinted classics.

Anne Sebba writes in her extensive history of the lives of Parisian women during WWII that it’s our task to understand, not to judge. And the women whose lives are covered range across such a broad spectrum, from those with selfless motives and actions to those who didn’t act as honorably as might be expected. It was women who came face to face with the German conquerors on a daily basis – perhaps selling them clothes or travelling alongside them on the metro, where a German soldier had priority over seats. By looking at collaborators to resisters, actresses and prostitutes, as well as teachers and writers, including American women and Nazi wives, spies, mothers, mistresses, fashion and jewellery designers – Anne Sebba shows that women made life-and-death decisions every day, and, in an atmosphere where sex became currency, often did whatever they needed to survive. Her fascinating cast includes both native Parisian women and those living in Paris temporarily: American women and Nazi wives, spies, mothers, mistresses, and fashion and jewellery designers. Some like the heiress Béatrice Camondo or novelist Irène Némirovsky, converted to Catholicism; others like lesbian racing driver Violette Morris embraced the Nazi philosophy; only a handful, like Coco Chanel, retreated to the Ritz with a German lover. In the past few years, it seems that the role of women in war is getting more attention and study, at least in popular culture. Hopefully, Hollywood will catch up and instead of the fictional Charlotte Grey we will have a lavish movie about the real Marie-Madeleine Fourcade, who also went by the name Hedgehog. Maybe instead of a one hour program on PBS Noor Khan will finally get her own Hollywood movie. Maybe in additional to Band of Brothers and The Pacific, HBO will finally have a series about women resistance fighters – and not the by now tried and tired cliché of the woman falling in love with the German officer she is suppose to be spying on. Don’t give me that. Give me Virginia Hall and Cuthbert. Please, please, someone do that. Les Parisiennes has been translated into Chinese, (SDX) Czech (Bourdon) and French (La Librarie Vuibert). In 2018, a reviewer in Le Figaro Magazine [21] coined the phrase "La Méthode Sebba" to describe the author's method of linking interviews with living people and archive material to create a tableau of women during the dark years. And yet I have a quibble. In her final sentence, Sebba says of Parisians’ behaviour. “It is not for the rest of us to judge but, with imagination, we can try to understand.” She is right to emphasise that understanding is needed, especially by those who never had to choose. But surely a judgment can and should be made that those who were in the “refusal camp” – as Rousseau put it – must take a higher moral ground than those who “went along with it”. Not to make a judgment is surely to fail to recognise the refuseniks’ special courage.

Stanford, Peter (15 August 2004). "The Exiled Collector by Anne Sebba". London. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022 . Retrieved 26 September 2009. Anne Sebba's history of the German occupation of Paris, seen through the eyes of its women, has much to recommend it. The book is extensively researched, using both primary and secondary sources, and covers the impact of the Paris Occupation by the Nazis from a variety of perspectives: the social and artistic elite, the fashion community, collaborators, Resistance participants, Jews, mothers - in addition to providing lots of contextual information. Their stories are occasionally familiar, appearing in some detail in a number of recent books of history and historical fiction (The Nightingale, The Lilac Girls, The Monuments Men, The Race for Paris, e.g.), but this is a more thorough catalog than those books provide. Channel 4 Reveals Wallis Simpson's Secret Letters" (Press release). Channel Four Television Corporation. 23 August 2011 . Retrieved 22 April 2018. Joffee, Linda (14 February 1994). "Book Review". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022 . Retrieved 26 September 2009.

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This was a horrific time and it was interesting to read how many women, from all walks of life, reacted to the Nazi's. Some fought, some hid their heads in the sand, some collided, many did what ever they could to survive. This part I loved but as I said the constant name changes, focuses often broke up the narrative if one could even call it that. It sometimes felt like just a recitation of names and facts. So in essence well researched, but frustrating nonetheless. Despite never having had the vote or even legally allowed to have a banking account, growing numbers contributed in small or moderate ways to helping Jews escape or hide or providing information or material support to aid those active in the Resistance. I like the example of brothel madams who hid subversives or Jews in their establishments. And the case of Edith Piaf, who drew complaints for aiding the Nazi propaganda efforts with performances at detention centers, but who used the group photos with the prisoners to create fake identity papers for many of them. I particularly loved the actions of an art archiver who was subverted by the Nazis to help with all the cataloging and distribution of stolen art treasures (Goering himself was long on the trough of that bonanza), but all the while she was keeping a secret record of the origin and disposition of each piece, and after the war used her records to good effect in recovering a lot of the art. I was also impressed with the heroism of Jenny Rousseau, a prisoner who one day refused to continue with forced labor in a munitions plant as against the Geneva Convention. The toughness of a such a choice at risk of one’s own life was revealed when we learn that the action spurred broad and brutal retribution against a whole pool of factory laborers. A similar tragic consequence applied to the work of the organization UGIF (Union Generale des Israelites de France) , which worked diligently to support the feeding and housing of orphans and refugees, but had their records of locations of Jews used for roundups by the Nazis. Lewis, Roger (2 September 2011). "That Woman: The Life of Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor by Anne Sebba". Daily Telegraph. London. Bunder, Leslie (5 December 2006). "British Muslim Yasmin Alibhai-Brown Chairs Jewish Book Awards". Jewtastic. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011 . Retrieved 26 September 2009.

That’s not to say that such romances between German officers and French women didn’t happen. Sebba’s book does detail some of those relationships, though how many of them occurred between a woman resistance member and the man she was spying on, Sebba doesn’t say. (I do wonder why it is always that pairing in fiction at least). Les Parisiennes chronicles the lives of French women, in particular those women of Paris, during the Second World War. Despite the book’s title, some of the women mention therein is not in Paris, usually because of the War. Sebba counts for this quite nicely by counting Parisenne as a style or sense instead just a living situation. And she really isn’t wrong when you think about it. Sebba, Anne (1 June 1996). "The story they didn't want to tell". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022 . Retrieved 26 September 2009. In 2016, Sebba published Les Parisiennes: How the Women of Paris Lived, Loved and Died in the 1940s (Weidenfeld & Nicolson UK), published in the United States as Les Parisiennes: How the Women of Paris Lived, Loved and Died under the Nazi Occupation (St Martin's Press). This was described as "fascinating and beautifully written" by The Spectator [19] and was the joint winner of the Franco-British society's book prize for 2016. [20]Benn, Melissa (24 June 2021). "Review: Ethel Rosenberg by Anne Sebba review – a notorious cold war tragedy". TheGuardian.com . Retrieved 24 June 2021. The only downside of Les Parisiennes for me is the sheer density of information. So many voices clamour to be heard that I initially found it quite difficult to concentrate on their stories. I had to consciously readjust my reading style from my usual devouring-of-fiction mindset to more of an idea of studying. That said though, this is certainly not a dry history tome! Sebba follows the progression of the war through the years and shows how, as the situation grew more desperate for everyone, women devised and discovered a myriad of ways to cope and survive. What would you do in this situation? It is easy with hindsight to condemn, but put into this life would you be brave enough to resist? Or would you, like millions did, find a way to live alongside the occupiers? So, we go through 1940, when Paris was abandoned as many took a desperate, terrifying flight across France. However, when the German army arrived, they were often well-dressed, amiable and polite – at least at first and to most of the city’s inhabitants… People began to return, but gradually resistance groups emerged. There are arrests, denunciations, betrayal, fear, solidarity and every possible emotion through the war years. Always there is danger and hunger, but still Parisian women remade their dresses, put wooden soles on their shoes and pounced on parachute silk to make clothes.