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Entropia: Life Beyond Industrial Civilisation

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S = {\displaystyle S=} entropy d Q = {\displaystyle dQ=} a differential amount of heat passed into a thermodynamic system τ = {\displaystyle \tau =} absolute temperature Schneider, E. and Sagan, D. (2005). Into the Cool: Energy Flow, Thermodynamics, and Life. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. ISBN 9780226739366 Meet the Orthodox Jewish physicist rethinking the origins of life" by Simona Weinglass, The Times of Israel, October 29, 2015.

G = {\displaystyle G=} Gibbs free energy H = {\displaystyle H=} enthalpy passed into a thermodynamic system T = {\displaystyle T=} absolute temperature of the system S = {\displaystyle S=} entropy You agree that you will familiarize your self with this agreement, and that you will read the agreement whenever changes to the agreement is made Haddad, Wassim M.; Chellaboina, VijaySekhar; Nersesov, Sergey G. (2005). Thermodynamics – A Dynamical Systems Approach. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12327-1.

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You agree not to utilize any software to catalogue or otherwise distribute data collected by EntropiaLife without the expressed permission of its owners. Helman, Daniel (28 April 2022). "Finding or Creating a Living Organism? Past and Future Thought Experiments in Astrobiology Applied to Artificial Intelligence" (PDF). Acta Biotheoretica. 70 (13): 13. doi: 10.1007/s10441-022-09438-2. PMID 35482102. S2CID 248394522. Hirsh, Jacob B.; Mar, Raymond A.; Peterson, Jordan B. (2012). "Psychological Entropy: A Framework for Understanding Uncertainty-Related Anxiety". Psychological Review (Preprint). 119 (2): 304–320. doi: 10.1037/a0026767. PMID 22250757. In recent years, the thermodynamic interpretation of evolution in relation to entropy has begun to utilize the concept of the Gibbs free energy, rather than entropy. [10] [11] This is because biological processes on Earth take place at roughly constant temperature and pressure, a situation in which the Gibbs free energy is an especially useful way to express the second law of thermodynamics. The Gibbs free energy is given by: a b Michaelian, K. (11 March 2011). "Thermodynamic dissipation theory for the origin of life". Earth System Dynamics. 2 (1): 37–51. arXiv: 0907.0042. Bibcode: 2011ESD.....2...37M. doi: 10.5194/esd-2-37-2011. ISSN 2190-4979. S2CID 14574109.

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Jones, Orion (9 December 2014). "MIT Physicist Proposes New "Meaning of Life" ". Big Think . Retrieved 11 December 2014.

Russell Doolittle, "The Probability and Origin of Life" in Scientists Confront Creationism (1984) Ed. Laurie R. Godfrey, p. 85

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Shannon, CW (1948). "A mathematical theory of communication". The Bell System Technical Journal. 27 (3): 379–423. doi: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x. Wolchover, Natalie (28 January 2014). "A New Physics Theory of Life". Scientific American . Retrieved 11 December 2014.

Ectropy – a measure of the tendency of a dynamical system to do useful work and grow more organized [44] However, entropy is well defined much more broadly based on the probabilities of a system's states, whether or not the system is a dynamic one (for which equilibrium could be relevant). Even in those physical systems where equilibrium could be relevant, (1) living systems cannot persist in isolation, and (2) the second principle of thermodynamics does not require that free energy be transformed into entropy along the shortest path: living organisms absorb energy from sunlight or from energy-rich chemical compounds and finally return part of such energy to the environment as entropy (generally in the form of heat and low free-energy compounds such as water and carbon dioxide).Second law analysis is valuable in scientific and engineering analysis in that it provides a number of benefits over energy analysis alone, including the basis for determining energy quality (or exergy content [18] [19] [20]), understanding fundamental physical phenomena, improving performance evaluation and optimization, or in furthering our understanding of living systems. In 1863, Rudolf Clausius published his noted memoir On the Concentration of Rays of Heat and Light, and on the Limits of Its Action, wherein he outlined a preliminary relationship, based on his own work and that of William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), between living processes and his newly developed concept of entropy. [ citation needed] Building on this, one of the first to speculate on a possible thermodynamic perspective of organic evolution was the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann. In 1875, building on the works of Clausius and Kelvin, Boltzmann reasoned: Adams, Henry. (1986). History of the United States of America During the Administration of Thomas Jefferson (pg. 1299). Library of America. To answer this question he turns to the mechanical theory of heat and goes on to loosely outline how the heart is what he calls a "force-pump", which receives blood and sends it to every part of the body, as discovered by William Harvey, and which "acts like the piston of an engine and is dependent upon and consequently due to the cycle of nutrition and excretion which sustains physical or organic life". It is likely that McCulloh modeled parts of this argument on that of the famous Carnot cycle. In conclusion, he summarizes his first and second law argument as such: a b McCulloch, Richard Sears (1876). Treatise on the mechanical theory of heat and its applications to the steam-engine, etc. New York: D. Van Nostrand.

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