Murphy observes that the execution of a Jewish carpenter by Roman authorities is in and of itself an ordinary event and did not require divine action. On the contrary, for the crucifixion to occur, God had to limit or "empty" himself. It was for this reason that Paul the Apostle wrote, in Philippians 2:5-8: Park, Hyung Wook; Cho, Kyuhoon (2018). "Science, state, and spirituality: Stories of four creationists in South Korea". History of Science. 56 (1): 35–71. doi: 10.1177/0073275317740268. hdl: 10220/44270. PMID 29241363. S2CID 206433157. Pigliucci, Massimo (December 2005). "Science and fundamentalism". EMBO Reports. 6 (12): 1106–1109. doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400589. ISSN 1469-3178. PMC 1369219. PMID 16319954. Italy Keeps Darwin in its Classrooms". Deutsche Welle. Bonn, Germany: ARD. May 3, 2004 . Retrieved 2014-03-27. Pope Pius XII (August 12, 1950). "Humani Generis". Vatican: the Holy See ( Papal encyclical). St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City: Holy See. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012 . Retrieved 2011-11-08.

Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. For Murphy, a theology of the cross requires that Christians accept a methodological naturalism, meaning that one cannot invoke God to explain natural phenomena, while recognizing that such acceptance does not require one to accept a metaphysical naturalism, which proposes that nature is all that there is. [183] Intelligent design (ID) is the pseudoscientific view [38] [39] that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." [40] All of its leading proponents are associated with the Discovery Institute, [41] a think tank whose wedge strategy aims to replace the scientific method with "a science consonant with Christian and theistic convictions" which accepts supernatural explanations. [42] [43] It is widely accepted in the scientific and academic communities that intelligent design is a form of creationism, [19] [20] [44] [45] [ excessive citations] and is sometimes referred to as "intelligent design creationism." [8] [42] [46] [47] [48] [49] [ excessive citations] Edis, Taner (November–December 1999). "Cloning Creationism in Turkey". Reports of the National Center for Science Education. 19 (6): 30–35. ISSN 2158-818X . Retrieved 2008-02-17.Most vocal literalist creationists are from the US, and strict creationist views are much less common in other developed countries. According to a study published in Science, a survey of the US, Turkey, Japan and Europe showed that public acceptance of evolution is most prevalent in Iceland, Denmark and Sweden at 80% of the population. [88] There seems to be no significant correlation between believing in evolution and understanding evolutionary science. [136] [137] Australia

Shepherd, Jessica (25 October 2009). "Teach both evolution and creationism say 54% of Britons". TheGuardian.com . Retrieved 6 April 2020. Moore, James (September 20, 2007). "Evolution and Wonder: Understanding Charles Darwin". Speaking of Faith with Krista Tippett (Interview). Interviewed by Krista Tippett. American Public Media. Archived from the original on 2015-11-18 . Retrieved 2014-03-09– via NPR. Campbell, Duncan (February 20, 2006). "Academics fight rise of creationism at universities". The Guardian. London . Retrieved 2010-04-07. According to a 2014 Gallup poll, [165] about 42% of Americans believe that "God created human beings pretty much in their present form at one time within the last 10,000 years or so." [165] Another 31% believe that "human beings have developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life, but God guided this process,"and 19% believe that "human beings have developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life, but God had no part in this process." [165] But these homologies and the rest we hold ourselves dispensed from the consideration of, simply in view of the fact that they were a material common to all the evolutionary theories, and never on the whole denied even by the creationary ones. (p. 341)

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Episcopal Church, General Convention (2006)". National Center for Science Education. Berkeley, CA. 2008-09-09 . Retrieved 2010-05-17. Butt, Riazat (16 November 2009). "Darwinism, through a Chinese lens". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited . Retrieved 2 October 2018. Canseco, Mario (September 5, 2012). "Britons and Canadians More Likely to Endorse than Americans" (PDF) (Press release). New York: Angus Reid Public Opinion. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 29, 2014 . Retrieved 2014-05-11.

Luvan, Dylan (September 24, 2012). "Bill Nye Warns: Creation Views Threaten US Science". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2013-10-14 . Retrieved 2014-03-09.Pigliucci, Massimo (2010). "Science in the Courtroom: The Case against Intelligent Design" (PDF). Nonsense on Stilts: How to Tell Science from Bunk. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. pp.160–86. ISBN 978-0-226-66786-7. LCCN 2009049778. OCLC 457149439. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. A 2009 Nielsen poll showed that 23% of Australians believe "the biblical account of human origins," 42% believe in a "wholly scientific" explanation for the origins of life, while 32% believe in an evolutionary process "guided by God". [138] [139] Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District Trial transcript: Day 6 (October 5), PM Session, Part 1". TalkOrigins Archive. Houston, TX: The TalkOrigins Foundation, Inc . Retrieved 2014-03-13. In the UK, a 2006 poll on the "origin and development of life", asked participants to choose between three different perspectives on the origin of life: 22% chose creationism, 17% opted for intelligent design, 48% selected evolutionary theory, and the rest did not know. [147] [148] A subsequent 2010 YouGov poll on the correct explanation for the origin of humans found that 9% opted for creationism, 12% intelligent design, 65% evolutionary theory and 13% didn't know. [149] The former Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams, head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, views the idea of teaching creationism in schools as a mistake. [150] In 2009, an Ipsos Mori survey in the United Kingdom found that 54% of Britons agreed with the view: "Evolutionary theories should be taught in science lessons in schools together with other possible perspectives, such as intelligent design and creationism." [151]