El Hady, S. (2005). Enhancement of the chemical composition and the yield of anise seed (Pimpinella anisum L.) oils and fruits by growth regulators. Annals of Agriculture and Science., 50(1), 15–29. Anise". Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press. 2018. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018 . Retrieved 3 March 2018. Ghoshegir SA, Mazaheri M, Ghannadi A, et al. Pimpinella anisum in the treatment of functional dyspepsia: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. J Res Med Sci 2015;20:13-21. View abstract. Farahmand M, Khalili D, Ramezani Tehrani F, Amin G, Negarandeh R. Could anise decrease the intensity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms in comparison to placebo? A double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Complement Integr Med 2020. Online ahead of print. View abstract. Al Mofleh, I. A., Alhalder, A. A., Mossa, J. S., AlSoohalbani, M. O., & Rafatullah, S. (2007). Aqueous suspension of anise “Pimpinella anisum” protects rats against chemically induced gastric ulcers. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 13(7), 1112–1118.

When taken by mouth: Anise and anise oil are commonly consumed in foods. Anise powder and oil are possibly safe when used as medicine for up to 4 weeks. It's usually well-tolerated, but it might cause allergic reactions in some people. Anise (also called aniseed or sweet cumin) is the seed of the Pimpinella anisum plant. It belongs to the Apiaceae family, which also produces carrots, celery and parsley. While the plant’s leaves and roots are also edible, it’s most well-known for its small, brown seeds. They look very similar to fennel seeds, although they are significantly smaller. a b c d e f Dealberto, Clara; Desrayaud, Lea (25 July 2017). "Le pastis, elixir provencal". Le Monde. Le Monde. p.28. Stager, J., Wuthrich, B., and Johansson, S. G. Spice allergy in celery-sensitive patients. Allergy 1991;46(6):475-478. View abstract.Kosalec, I., Pepeljnjak, S., and Kustrak, D. Antifungal activity of fluid extract and essential oil from anise fruits (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae). Acta Pharm 2005;55(4):377-385. View abstract.

Orav, A., Raal, A., & Arak, E. (2008). Essential oil composition of Pimpinella anisum L. fruits from various European countries. Natural Product Research., 22(3), 227–232. Pure Chinese star anise is generally recognized as safe for most people. However, there have been few reports of allergic reactions ( 14).Tas, A. (2009). Analgesic effect of Pimpinella anisum L. essential oil extract in mice. Indian Veterinary Journal, 86(2), 145–147. Stephens, J. M. (1997). Cooperative extension service, institute of food and agricultural sciences, University of Florida, Doc. HS 54,1Gainesville FL. 32611. Commission Regulation (EC). (2006). Commission Regulation No. 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006. Official Journal of European Communities. L 364/5, 20/12/2006.