(propeller_posn==55)) The FSK modulator circuit shown above will function fine with RS232 either in the standard signaling format (-3 to -15V low, +3V to +15V high) or TTL levels (0V low, +3.3V to +5V high). The diode at the base of the transistor clamps the base of the transistor to ground to prevent negative signal voltages from causing damage to the transistor. I used the Schmitt buffer oscillator instead of a 555 timer because I anticipated a possible need to switch the transformer coil at > 500KHz, which is beyond the capabilities of the 555 timer. Also cheaper 555 timers actually tend to be 100KHz versions.

Now insert the resistors and bend its leads the same as you did for LED’s. Cut the extra leads accordingly. delayMicroseconds(450); // for the gap between LED pixels/minutes markers (change the value according to motor speed. Increase for low speed, decrease for high speed motor)All types of motors used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Motors can be found in VCR’s, CD players, toys, robots, fans, etc. The motor performance is very important in circuit design. This is because the electrics motors directly affect its speed and pushing capability. The motor/secondary assembly can now be inserted into the base unit. It will be glued using a few drops of

The transformer primary will then be glued to the board on the other side, around the motor. Before This is the phenomenon which is related to vision capability of human eye by which an after- image is thought to persist for approximately one sixteenth of a second. The first prototype was built using magnet wire for the spinning air-core transformer. 28 gauge wire was used in the handmade prototype. 28 gauge wire has a cross-sectional area roughly equal to a 1oz 100 mil wide PCB trace. The actual PCB used 10 mil wide trace for lower current by taking advantage of the ~4 ohm equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the PCB trace at the cost of lower power transfer to the secondary board. Insert the Blue Led above the green led as shown in fig (Blue LED 17 via R17 and A7). Connect R17 as 2.2kΩ and join the cathode of this LED to the cathode of other LED’s. Now, connect the positive leg of this Led to one end of the resistor R17 and the other end to the Arduino +5V pin. In short, an interrupt is a way for an external (or, sometimes, internal) event to pause the current processor’s activity, so that it can complete a brief task before resuming execution where it left off.Since the phototransistor is only triggered by the IR radiation, an IR LED must be placed nearby. The intensity of the IR radiation determines how much current is generated in the photo transistor. Therefore a large current must flow through the LED to create a higher intensity. Figure 3 shows an IR LED circuit. This devise displays only the time. Therefore we can modify this devise for display date besides time. V DC voltage provided to Mother board using 5 V regulator circuit. Mother board will provide the input voltage to Daughter board. 500 mA current supply provided to mother board to get all components to a perfect working condition.

Flip the pixelmap for the message board to be readable at the top or bottom (there is a #define constant already in code to select). The LED panel was mounted to motherboard as a separate module. Figure 9 shows the PCB layout of the daughter card and the list of components are found in the Appendix C. http://people.ece.cornell.edu/land/courses/ece4760/FinalProjects/f2012/cfz4_sjh234/cfz4_sjh234/FinalProjectDocumentation.html Here is a calculation for calculate the rotation speed of the LEDs when a picture is displayed with a frame rate of 25Hz. Choose one end of the Pcb board to work with. On this side, you will place the first LED in the 7th hole of the first column (see photo). Place the rest of the LED's as shown. When placing LED's in the holes, the positive end (the longer metal leg) should go in first. See the picture for reference.

Version 2 (January 2005)

(propeller_posn==10)