The plant densities for lentils vary between genotypes, seed size, planting time and growing conditions, and also from region to region. In South Asia, a seed rate of 30 to 40 kilograms per hectare (27 to 36 pounds per acre) is recommended. In West Asian countries, a higher seed rate is recommended, and also leads to a higher yield. The seeds should be sown 3 to 4 centimetres ( 1 + 1⁄ 4 to 1 + 1⁄ 2in) deep. In agriculturally mechanized countries, lentils are planted using grain drills, but many other areas still hand broadcast. [3] Cultivation management, fertilization [ edit ] Alb-Leisa three traditional genotypes of lentils native to the Swabian Jura (Alps) in Germany and protected by the producers' association Öko-Erzeugergemeinschaft Alb-Leisa (engl. "Eco-producer association Alb-Leisa")

a b c d e f g h i j Erskine, William, ed. (2009). The lentil: botany, production and uses. Wallingford, UK: CABI. ISBN 978-1-84593-487-3. OCLC 435462765. Mudryj AN, Yu N, Aukema HM (2014). "Nutritional and health benefits of pulses". Appl Physiol Nutr Metab (Review. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't). 39 (11): 1197–204. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0557. PMID 25061763. a b Sauer, Jonathan D. (2017). Historical Geography of Crop Plants: A Select Roster. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-44062-2. The primary progenitor of the cultigen is evidently L. orientalis native to the Near East; the other species may have contributed some genetic diversity to the crop. L. culinaris ( L. esculentus), the domesticate, differs from the wild species in having indehiscent pods, due to a single recessive gene, and nondormant seeds.

How to Prep Canned Lentils

The focus lies on high yielding and stable cultivars for diverse environments to match the demand of a growing population. [25] In particular, progress in quantity and quality as well as in the resistance to disease and abiotic stresses are the major breeding aims. [2] Several varieties have been developed applying conventional breeding methodologies. Serious genetic improvement for yield has been made, however, the full potential of production and productivity could not yet be tapped due to several biotic and abiotic stresses. [25] Although lentils have been an important crop for centuries, lentil breeding and genetic research have a relatively short history compared to that of many other crops. Since the inception of The International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas ( ICARDA) breeding programme in 1977 significant gains have been made. It supplies landraces and breeding lines for countries around the world, supplemented by other programmes in both developing (e.g. India) and developed (e.g. Australia and Canada) countries. In recent years, such collaborations among breeders and agronomists are becoming increasingly important. [2] When tested in the lab, the polyphenols in lentils were able to stop cancer cell growth, especially on cancerous skin cells ( 6). They are frequently combined with rice, which has a similar cooking time. A lentil and rice dish is referred to in Levantine countries as mujaddara or mejadra. In Iran, rice and lentil is served with fried raisin; this dish is called adas polo. Rice and lentils are also cooked together in khichdi, a popular dish in the Indian subcontinent (India and Pakistan); a similar dish, kushari, made in Egypt, is considered one of two national dishes. Jain, Shri Mohan; Al-Khayri, Jameel M.; Johnson, Dennis V. (2019). Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Legumes: Volume 7. ISBN 978-3-030-23399-0.

O lentilă simplă se compune dintr-un material transparent mărginit de două suprafețe șlefuite, în general sferice. Forma lentilei și caracteristicile materialului determină proprietățile optice ale acesteia: optică, lentila este o piesă realizată dintr-un material transparent ( sticlă, material plastic etc.), cu două suprafețe opuse, în general curbe, folosită singură sau împreună cu alte piese similare pentru a concentra sau diverge lumina și a forma imagini ale obiectelor. Lentilele se bazează pe fenomenul de refracție a luminii, adică schimbarea direcției de propagare a acesteia la trecerea dintr-un mediu transparent în altul.Wild Lens species are a significant source of genetic variation for improving the relatively narrow genetic base of this crop. The wild species possess many diverse traits including disease resistances and abiotic stress tolerances. The above-mentioned L. nigricans and L. orientalis possess morphological similarities to the cultivated L. culinaris. But only L. culinaris and L. culinaris subsp. orientalis are crossable and produce fully fertile seed. Between the different related species hybridisation barriers exist. According to their inter-crossability Lens species can be divided into three gene pools: Lentils are easy to cook. Unlike many other legumes, they don’t require any prior soaking and can be cooked in less than 30 minutes. Or you can use canned lentils. Lentil was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent of the Near East and then spread to Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and the Indo-Gangetic plain. The primary center of diversity for the domestic Lens culinaris as well as its wild progenitor L. culinaris ssp. orientalis is considered to be the Middle East. The oldest known carbonized remains of lentil from Greece's Franchthi Cave are dated to 11,000 BC. In archaeobotanical excavations carbonized remains of lentil seeds have been recovered from widely dispersed places such as Tell Ramad in Syria (6250-5950 BC), Aceramic Beidha in Jordan, Hacilar in Turkey (5800-5000 BC), Tepe Sabz (Ita. Tepe Sabz) in Iran (5500-5000 BC) and Argissa-Magula Tessaly in Greece (6000-5000 BC), along other places. [13] Soil requirements [ edit ]