The functionality of the underlying modules is simulated with stubs. The top module is integrated with the lower level module stub one by one and later the functionality is tested. Add to a product a component of the same type as an existing component. The added component should be changed in some way. The 2 keywords for this tool are: 1) more and 2) different. These represent the two stages for applying the tool: 1) add more copies of something that exists in the product and 2) change those copies according to some parameter.

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Such widely known methods as brainstorming, synectics, random stimulation and lateral thinking (identified with Edward de Bono) can be traced to this approach. More recent studies reveal the appearance of a different approach. These studies show that the main difficulty faced by problem solvers is not generating a large quantity of ideas but coming up with original ones. The former parallel drawn between quantity and quality appears to no longer hold true. It was discovered that a large flow of ideas does not necessarily lead to the creation of original ones and further, that the very occupation with ordinary ideas may actually hamper creativity and innovative thought. [3] [4]This is the tendency to view objects as a whole, as a gestalt, which often makes it difficult to imagine how the product could be reorganized to look differently. For example, why do TV controls always have to be on the lower part of the TV set? Would it not be easier if they were on the upper part?

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Validate the constraints and data validation rules applied in the database as per business specifications. Most ideas for new products are either uninspired or impractical. Finding the "sweet spot" requires a balance that leads to both ingenious and viable ideas. This notion was expressed in a Harvard Business Review Article entitles "Finding Your Innovation Sweet Spot". [8] This approach follows the bottom-to-top hierarchy. Here, the lower modules are integrated first and then the higher modules are integrated and tested. This approach is useful for freshly developed projects that are developed from scratch or those which have undergone major enhancements. Function follows form is a principle associated with classic architecture, and it is also being used in government buildings. The concept of this principle means design created according to a shape, but do not consider its function at initial stage of architectural design.SIT is taught in numerous universities and business schools worldwide. The methodology is most often taught through programs on innovation, business administration, marketing, organizational development, leadership, management studies. The process begins with an existing product (or service), continues with manipulating it systematically to create what SIT calls a "virtual product" (this is the form) and only then examines whether it satisfies existing or potential customer needs (function). SIT is a descendant of the work of Genrich Altshuller, a Russian engineer who analyzed over 200,000 patents to identify the 40 common inventive principles of his unique formula, named TRIZ. The aim of requirements-based hardware/software integration testing is to make sure that the software in the target computer will satisfy the high-level requirements. Typical errors revealed by this testing method includes:

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These discoveries have prompted a new approach which holds that original and interesting results stem from organized thinking and structured processes rather than the random generation of ideas. One of the characteristics of organized thinking is a state of "low stimuli", unencumbered by a large quantity of ideas. In this approach, originality replaces quantity as a dominant criterion. In nature, water cascading down a mountain will always follow the path of least resistance – the easiest route. In thinking, too, our minds tend to take the path of least resistance – those avenues most familiar to us. So doing, it is difficult to arrive at ideas new to us or to our competitors. SIT encourages an approach to the counter-intuitive path – the path of most resistance.The qualitative-change principle dictates that solutions can be found where the main problem element or variable in the existing situation is either totally eliminated or even reversed. The developers develop a code based on the Functional Requirement Specification document. The testers test it and report bugs. But the client or end-user only knows how the system exactly works. Hence they test the system from their end. Working Steps Of UAT

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i) Intra-System Testing: This is a low level of integration testing that aims at fusing the modules together to build a unified system. The move from TRIZ to SIT was motivated by the desire to create a method that is easier to learn and retain (achieved through a smaller number of rules and tools), more universal in application (achieved through elimination of engineering specific tools) and tighter in keeping the problem solver within a real inventive framework (the Closed World principle). Now the new tab’s details or database has to be merged with the existing tabs and the system has to be tested as a whole with 4 tabs.

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An advantage of this approach is that the top layer and the bottom layer of the system can be tested in parallel. However, the limitation of this approach is that it does not exhaustively test the individual sub-systems before integration. The most common of these problems occur when processing at low levels in the hierarchy is required to adequately test upper levels. This organized or structured approach to idea generation is the starting point for Systematic Inventive Thinking. [5] The TRIZ heritage [ edit ] The advantage of this approach is that there is no need for drivers and the test cases can be specified in terms of the functionality of the system.