Smith, J. L. David; McDougal, C.; Miquelle, D. (1989). "Scent marking in free-ranging tigers, Panthera tigris". Animal Behaviour. 37: 1–10. doi: 10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8. S2CID 53149100. van Uhm, D.P. (2016). The Illegal Wildlife Trade: Inside the World of Poachers, Smugglers and Traders (Studies of Organized Crime). New York: Springer. a b Karanth, K. U. & Sunquist, M. E. (2000). "Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger ( Panthera tigris), leopard ( Panthera pardus) and dhole ( Cuon alpinus) in Nagarahole, India". Journal of Zoology. 250 (2): 255–265. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x. a b Actman, Jani (24 February 2017). "Cat Experts: Ligers and Other Designer Hybrids Pointless and Unethical". National Geographic.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017 . Retrieved 27 August 2018. Traditional Chinese Medicine". World Wildlife Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012 . Retrieved 3 March 2012.

These subspecies are the Bengal tiger, South China tiger, Indochinese tiger, Sumatran tiger and Amur tiger (also known as Siberian tiger). Sadly, three subspecies of tiger have become extinct – the Caspian, Bali and Javan. 10) Less than 100 years ago, tigers could be found throughout Asia.Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B.; Weibchen, G. (2008). "Chemical Characterization of Territorial Marking Fluid of Male Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 34 (5): 659–671. doi: 10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y. hdl: 10019.1/11220. PMID 18437496. S2CID 5558760. Robinson, R. (1969). "The white tigers of Rewa and gene homology in the Felidae". Genetica. 40 (1): 198–200. doi: 10.1007/BF01787350. PMID 5806538. S2CID 40514283. Faizolahi, K. (2016). "Tiger in Iran – historical distribution, extinction causes and feasibility of reintroduction". Cat News (Special Issue 10): 5–13. Tiger 3 runtime REVEALED: Salman Khan starrer to run for 2 hours and 36 minutes". Bollywood Hungama. 8 November 2023. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023 . Retrieved 9 November 2023.

Salman Khan confirms he has wrapped Tiger 3: 'It was a very hectic shoot' ". Bollywood Hungama. 26 May 2023. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023 . Retrieved 26 May 2023. Fossil teeth and bones found in Borneo were attributed to the Bornean tiger and date to about 13,745 to 3,000 years ago. It may have accessed Borneo, when the sea level was low during a glaciation period, and may have survived until about 200 years ago. [39] [40] Fennell, J. G.; Talas, L.; Baddeley, R. J.; Cuthill, I. C. & Scott-Samuel, N. E. (2019). "Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 16 (154): 20190183. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0183. PMC 6544896. PMID 31138092. Sagar, V.; Kaelin, C.B.; Natesh, M.; Reddy, P.A.; Mohapatra, R.K.; Chhattani, H.; Thatte, P.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Biswas, S.; Bhatt, S. & Paul, S. (2021). "High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population". PNAS. 118 (39): e2025273118. Bibcode: 2021PNAS..11825273S. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2025273118. PMC 8488692. PMID 34518374.

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There are two recognized subspecies of tiger*: the continental ( Panthera tigris tigris) and the Sunda ( Panthera tigris sondaica). The largest of all the Asian big cats, tigers rely primarily on sight and sound rather than smell for hunting. They typically hunt alone and stalk prey. A tiger can consume more than 80 pounds of meat at one time. On average, tigers give birth to two to four cubs every two years. If all the cubs in one litter die, a second litter may be produced within five months.

Tilson, R.; Defu, H.; Muntifering, J.; Nyhus, P. J. (2004). "Dramatic decline of wild South China tigers Panthera tigris amoyensis: field survey of priority tiger reserves". Oryx. 38 (1): 40–47. doi: 10.1017/S0030605304000079. In China, tigers became the target of large-scale 'anti-pest' campaigns in the early 1950s, where suitable habitats were fragmented following deforestation and resettlement of people to rural areas, who hunted tigers and prey species. Though tiger hunting was prohibited in 1977, the population continued to decline and is considered extinct in southern China since 2001. [156] [157] Having earlier rejected the Western-led environmentalist movement, China changed its stance in the 1980s and became a party to the CITES treaty. By 1993 it had banned the trade in tiger parts, and this diminished the use of tiger bones in traditional Chinese medicine. [158] The Tibetan people's trade in tiger skins has also been a threat to tigers. The pelts were used in clothing, tiger-skin chuba being worn as fashion. In 2006 the 14th Dalai Lama was persuaded to take up the issue. Since then there has been a change of attitude, with some Tibetans publicly burning their chubas. [159]Hungama, Bollywood (12 November 2023). "EXCLUSIVE: Hrithik Roshan's scene in Salman Khan's Tiger 3 is directed by Ayan Mukerji; ENHANCES excitement for War 2: Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama". Bollywood Hungama . Retrieved 13 November 2023. In 2016, an estimate of a global wild tiger population of approximately 3,890 individuals was presented during the Third Asia Ministerial Conference on Tiger Conservation. [133] [134] The WWF subsequently declared that the world's count of wild tigers had risen for the first time in a century. [135] a b c d e f Schaller, G. (1967). The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India. Chicago: Chicago Press.