Halloran, D. W.; Pearson, A. M. (1972). "Blood chemistry of the brown bear ( Ursus arctos) from southwestern Yukon Territory, Canada". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 50 (#6): 827–833. doi: 10.1139/z72-112. PMID 5038730. Smith, Herrero; DeBruyn, Wilde (2008). "Spray more effective than guns against bears: study". North American Bear Center. Archived from the original on 1 January 2011. Brooks Falls, located within Alaska’s Katmai National Park, is arguably the most famous spot in the world to capture that classic shot of brown bears catching salmon in mid-air. 13. What is World Wildlife Fund doing to protect brown bears? a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Bear Anatomy and Physiology from Gary Brown's The Great Bear Almanac, Lyons & Burford, Publishers, 1993 Palomares, F.; Caro, T. M. (1999). "Interspecific Killing among Mammalian Carnivores" (PDF). The American Naturalist. 153 (#5): 492–508. doi: 10.1086/303189. hdl: 10261/51387. PMID 29578790. S2CID 4343007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

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a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Mammalian Species- Ursus arctos" (PDF). American Society of Mammalogists, Smith College. 23 April 1993. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2017.Shields, G. F.; Kocher, T. D. (1991). "Phylogenetic relationships of North American ursids based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA". Evolution. 45 (1): 218–221. doi: 10.2307/2409495. JSTOR 2409495. PMID 28564083. DNA analysis shows that, apart from recent human-caused population fragmentation, [41] brown bears in North America are generally part of a single interconnected population system, with the exception of the population (or subspecies) in the Kodiak Archipelago, which has probably been isolated since the end of the last Ice Age. [42] [43] These data demonstrate that U. a. gyas, U. a. horribilis, U. a. sitkensis and U. a. stikeenensis are not distinct or cohesive groups, and would more accurately be described as ecotypes. For example, brown bears in any particular region of the Alaska coast are more closely related to adjacent grizzly bears than to distant populations of brown bears, [44] the morphological distinction seemingly driven by brown bears having access to a rich salmon food source, while grizzly bears live at higher elevation, or further from the coast, where plant material is the base of the diet. The history of the bears of the Alexander Archipelago is unusual in that these island populations carry polar bear DNA, presumably originating from a population of polar bears that was left behind at the end of the Pleistocene, but have since been connected with adjacent mainland populations through movement of males, to the point where their nuclear genomes are now more than 90% of brown bear ancestry. [45]

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Servheen, C., Waller, J., & Kasworm, W. (1998). Fragmentation effects of high-speed highways on grizzly bear populations shared between the United States and Canada. International Conference on Wildlife Ecology and Transportation (ICOWET 1998). Yellowstone Grizzly Bears Eat 40,000 Moths a Day In August". Yellowstonepark.com. 21 June 2011. Archived from the original on 15 July 2010. Lord bear Verified Reviewer I write this review as nothing more than a humble servant to my lord sir bearington the 3rd, he, in his magnificent chonkyness has brought a light to my life a had never once seen before, he is beautiful beyond compare to the point that even the fairest maidens of all the lands seem nothing more than ogers in his presence, and most of all the cuddles the my lord provides are so comforting and cozy that it even rivals the mighty sir blåhaj of the water lands.Brown bears have amazing endurance. They can outrun a horse and drag a dead elk up a hill! 3. How do brown bears communicate with each other? Adult brown bears are powerful, top-of-the-food chain predators, but much of their diet consists of nuts, berries, fruit, leaves, and roots. Bears also eat other animals, from rodents to moose. Sagør, J. T.; Swenson, J. E.; Røskaft, E. (1997). "Compatibility of brown bear Ursus arctos and free-ranging sheep in Norway". Biological Conservation. 81 (1–2): 91. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3207(96)00165-6.

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a b Heptner, V. G. & Sludskij, A. A. (1992) [1972]. "Tiger". Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola[ Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp.95–202.Yudakov, A. G. & Nikolaev, I. G. (2004). "Hunting Behavior and Success of the Tigers' Hunts". The Ecology of the Amur Tiger based on Long-Term Winter Observations in 1970–1973 in the Western Sector of the Central Sikhote-Alin Mountains. Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far-Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020 . Retrieved 17 September 2014. Gunther, K. A.; Haroldson, M. A.; Frey, K.; Cain, S. L.; Copeland, J.; Schwartz, C. C. (2004). "Grizzly bear-human conflicts in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem, 1992–2000" (PDF). Ursus. 15 (#1): 10–22. doi: 10.2192/1537-6176(2004)015<0010:gbcitg>2.0.co;2. S2CID 86821625. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.